Software survivability and reliability both have to do with software performance under various conditions. Injecting software vulnerabilities with voltage glitching. They can be grouped into hardwarebased fault injection, software based fault injection, simulationbased fault injection, emulationbased fault injection and hybrid fault injection. This paper presents an experimental study on the emulation of software faults by fault injection.
Hardwarebased fault injection requires specialized equipment e. Researchers and engineers have created many novel methods to inject faults, which can be implemented in both hardware and software. An open and versatile faultinjection framework for the. The contributions of this dissertation focus on fault injection fi as an assessment. For microprocessor based systems, reliability includes both software and hardware reliability. Sfi intentionally injects faults or errors into the code of the tested program, and then executes the program to test whether it can correctly handle the injected faults or errors during execution. Fault injection testing of safetycritical applications. Fault injection testing in software can be performed using either compiletime or runtime injections. Swifi can be either used at compiletime or at runtime.
Wiersma and pareja 4 proved the e ectiveness of this technique to attack asild automotive microcontrollers in semicontrolled environments. Hack in the box security conference recommended for you. Fault injection the deliberate insertion of faults into an operational system to determine its response offers an effective solution to validate the dependability of fault tolerant computer and software systems 5. On par with development of attacks, the area of countermeasures is advancing rapidly, utilizing both hardware and software based approaches. Survey on fault tolerance and residual software fault of the. Escalating privileges in linux using voltage fault injection. Software fault injection sfi 52 is a classical and widelyused technique of runtime testing. For example, if you ar e inter ested in stuckat faults faults that for ce a per manent value onto a point in a cir cuit. Software fault injection and its relationship to software. Experiences with canoebased fault injection for autosar. Fault injection is a software testing technique by introducing faults into the code for improving the coverage and usually used with stress testing for robustness of the developed software.
Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based. Cpatrol cpatrolisa codeinsertiontoolthatcanassist developers in the placement of software probes that are used. Fault injection tests fault detection, fault isolation, and reconfiguration and recovery capabilities.
Balasubramanian anna university, chennai abstract this paper aims to study the fault injection involving the deliberate insertion of. With the rise of software complexity, software related accidents represent a significant threat for computerbased systems. Improving software fault injection department of computer. Pdf on the emulation of software faults by software. It is that macro execution stage that is usually the target for attack, as it provides a way to run code. It is based on a fault simulation technique known as software implemented fault. Runtime soft error injection and testing of a microprocessor using. Fault injection is a testing technique which aids in understanding how virtualreal system behaves when stressed in unusual ways. Fault injection in software engineering geeksforgeeks. Fault injection techniques and tools electrical and computer. Fault injection using such fault models is also known as software mutation testing. An open and versatile faultinjection framework for. Choosing between hardware and software fault injection depends on the type of faults you are interested in and the effort required to create them. In my opinion this is a fatal flaw, but then i like emails to be text only.
What is the difference between fault seeding and fault injection. Assessing dependability with software fault injection. Hardware fault injection tests both hardware and software physically cause faults heavyion radiation pin level injection emi focused on hardware testing johan karlsson, et al. Hardware fault injection is the widely accepted approach to evaluate the behavior of a circuit in the presence of faults. In this section, the electromagnetic injection bench and the circuit under attack are described. Fault injection in software engineering fault injection is a technique for enhancing the testing quality by involving the intentional faults in the software. Software fault injection consists of the deliberate introduction of software faults for assessing the impact of faulty software on a system and improving its fault. Software fault injection is a method to anticipate worstcase scenarios caused by faulty software through the deliberate injection of software faults. Hardware software flexibility expansion ability to control timing delay, races distributed environment less risk no damage standard environment mechanism based on software probes works across layers. An experimental comparison of fault and error injection. Is fault injection testing a subset of requirements based testing, and does it deliver the desirable.
For example, an attacker can use a fault injection attack to bypass the key veri cation step on the uds authentication process detailed in figure 1. The wdftester tool provides a wmi interface to configure ddi fault injection for a specific driver. The tool can be used during system integration and system testing phases of any software development lifecycle, complementing other testing tools as well. Glitching, or fault injection, has been used for over a decade 1 to attack software running on secure execution environments. Fault injection or requirements based testing in iso 26262.
Investigating silent failures using fault injection experiments2. This masters thesis describes the design and implementation of a software implemented fault injection tool, which can be used to perform robustness testing on application software components in embedded systems based on the autosar standard architecture. Fault injection environment figure 1 shows a fault injection envir onment, which typically consists of the tar get system plus a fault injec. Runtime injections it makes use of software trigger to inject a fault into a software system during run time. The main features of the four fault injection techniques considered are then briefly described and the. Software fault injection for software certification. Nov 05, 20 described in this presentation is the design and implementation of a software implemented fault injection tool, which can be used to perform robustness testing on application software components in embedded systems based on the autosar standard architecture. Fault injection techniques and tools ieee journals. Methods for testing fault tolerant systems fault injection. Is requirementbased testing a better and safer way to ensure high quality software. Pdf software testing using software fault injection researchgate. Enabling fault injection windows drivers microsoft docs.
A run time visual interface to help monitor the execution of instrumented programs. Application of three physical fault injection techniques to the experimental assessment of the mars architecture. How many fault injection tests are really necessary to ensure a safe application execution. That alone is nothing new many software development organizations invest much more in testing than in process improvement. Analysis of defect issues fault injection in software business application development dr. Bitbandit enables users to emulate faults in the processors general purpose registers, special purpose registers, instruction cache and data cache. Software fault injection sfi is an acknowledged method for assessing the. Abstract fault injection is used to characterize the failure to validate and compare the fault tolerant mechanisms. This paper presents a survey on fault injection techniques with comparison of the different injection techniques and an overview on the different tools. Many methods and techniques have been proposed in the literature so far to evaluate and test both software faults e. Implement fault injection resistant software make critical assets inaccessible to software e. Fuzzing error handling code using contextsensitive software. The course covers both the fundamental and advanced concepts of dependability, including replication, atomic multicast, group communication, consistency, checkpointing, transaction processing and fault injection, along with industrial standards and realworld practices for achieving high availability and fault tolerance.
Therefore, fault injection techniques have been devised to artificially inject faults and. Software fault injection for software certification roberto natella critiware s. Rsacrt, for example, only needs a single fault in its algorithm for the private key to be compromised. Fault injection and monitoring capability for a fault tolerant distributed computation system wilfredo torrespomales, amy m. Include fault injection attacks in your threat model design and implement fault injection resistant hardware start from an early design test, testand test again. Using fault injection to increase software test coverage. Implementing assertion violation fault in jection to demonstrate the proposed fault injection method, we extendedthecpatrolassertioninsertionsystem18 tosupport fault injection and built a visual x window system interface. Using simulation, fault injection and propertybased testing to. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems. In this thesis, we introduce a javabased, semiautomatic fault injection test harness, called software fault injection mechanized prototype lightweight engine simple.
They will also make this ability software visible, as its quite handy for general uses as a whole. Most fi research focuses on breaking the implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Finally, there are software fault models where the fault is caused by a program mer making a mistake while writing program code. Runtime injections it makes use of software trigger to inject a fault into a software. Faultinjection plays an important role in the dependability analysis of such systems highly recommended by upcoming iso 26262 standard hardwarebased fault injection requires specialized equipment e. In the past, researchers have proposed fault injection testing approaches in which the component state is perturbed and the resulting effects on the rest of the system are observed. Fault injectionthe deliberate insertion of faults into an operational system to determine its response offers an effective solution to validate the dependability of faulttolerant computer and software systems 5.
Results show that a significant share up to 72 percent of injected faults cannot be considered representative of residual software faults as they are consistently. To do prototypebased fault injection, faults are injected either at the hardware level logical or elec trical faults or at the software level code or data corruption. Vulnerability testing of software system using fault injection. In software testing, fault injection is a technique for improving. Is fault injection testing a subset of requirements based testing, and does it deliver the desirable outcome. Exhaustif is a commercial software tool used for grey box testing based on software fault injection swifi to improve reliability of software intensive systems. A systematic and quantitative approach is using fault injection to guide the design and implementation of fault tolerance systems. Bns provide a favorable formalism in which to model the propagation of faults across av system components with an interpretable model. The injection of software faults in software components to assess the impact of these faults on other components or on the system as a whole, allowing the evaluation of fault tolerance, is. Injection of transient faults using electromagnetic pulses practical results on a cryptographic system a.
Using a new contextsensitive fault injection technique, we are able to effectively fuzztest errorhandling code that is largely missed by current fuzzing. Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault injection. New directions in modeling, design, and mitigation bilgiday yuce abstract this research investigates an important class of hardware attacks against embedded software, which uses fault injection as a hacking tool. Survey on fault tolerance and residual software fault of the system by using fault. Thus, it plays a key role in the design of robust circuits. Software fault injection is a form of dynamic software testing that allows developers and testers to observe how the software will behave under a variety of anomalous conditions. Fault injection is often in stress testing and it is considered as an important part of developing robust software. Fault injection involves introducing errors on the fly in order to perturb the normal flow of a program either with the purpose of extending test coverage or stress testing the system. Due to the upward trend in pricing in the software exploit market 8 and the increased hardening of security in consumer devices, there has been a rise in popularity of injecting faults to gain control of a device. Efficient faultinjectionbased assessment of software. Survey on fault tolerance and residual software fault of. On fault representativeness of software fault injection.
It is the deliberate introduction of faults into a system, and the subsequent examination of the system for the errors and failures that result. Compiletime injections it is a fault injection technique where source code is modified to. These studies showed that some fault injection techni. The thesis analyses the autosar standard in order to identify mechanisms, which can be used at runtime in order to inject faults. Fi attacks can be used to alter the intended behavior of software and hardware of embedded devices. Compiletime injections it is a fault injection technique where source code is modified to inject simulated faults into a system. The fault injection intel fpga ip core injects errors into the configuration ram cram of an fpga device. Developers using third party software components need to test them to satisfy quality requirements. Chapter 7 contains a description of the implemented swifi tool prototype. On fault representativeness of software fault injection ieee xplore. Fault injection techniques engineers use fault injection to test fault tolerant systems or components.
Pdf fault injection for software certification researchgate. A userinterface, shownin figure2, supportseditingpro. Testing safetycritical systems using fault injection. Pdf on fault representativeness of software fault injection. Fide is a software based fault injector designed to validate fault tolerant mechanisms and techniques used by applications. When it comes to software encoding countermeasures for fault protection. An rtosbased fault injection simulator for embedded processors nejmeddine alimi. The key problem with pdf s, word documents etc is that the current standards allow macros and executable code. Software fault injection sfi is an acknowledged method for assessing the dependability of software systems. To solve this problem, some approaches 11,18,67 analyze program information to guide fault injection, which can achieve higher code coverage and detect more bugs. In a first experiment, a set of real software faults has been compared with faults injected by a swifi tool xception to evaluate the accuracy of the. Feb 28, 2011 we built a system called fist fault injection security tool, and published a number of papers about the system, including one titled an automated approach for identifying potential vulnerabilities in software. Fault injection is a testing technique used in computer systems to test both hardware and software.
However, this papers contribution is in showing that fi attacks are. An rtosbased fault injection simulator for embedded. Cpu design today will also typically employ frequency or voltage scaling based on workload as a power saving metric say, if the cpu is idle. Items a, b, and c are integrated into a bayesian network bn. Pdf a survey on fault injection techniques semantic scholar. Bytecode fault injection for java software sciencedirect. Fault injection is important to evaluating the dependability of computer systems. Content management system cms task management project portfolio management time tracking pdf. Even temporarily create the defects that will cause those failures to happen. Fault injection and monitoring capability for a fault. To demonstrate the proposed fault injection method, we extended the cpatrol system to support three major tasks. Pdf on may 27, 2004, saher manaseer and others published software testing using software fault injection find, read and cite all the. Compiletime injection is a technique in which testers change the source code to simulate faults in the software system.
Injection of transient faults using electromagnetic pulses. An overview of existing tools for faultinjection and. At the time we were doing tons of work on software fault injection, including studies of webbased software. Software based fault injection framework for storage systems. Many new bugs were found in welltested programs like openssl. Bitbandit is a fault injection tool suite for the powerpc 405 on the xilinx virtex4 fx60 fpga. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems 3 chapter 6 contains the results from the analysis on which fault injection techniques are suitable to use in order to inject faults into autosar based systems. Fault injection techniques can be used to methodically assess the degree of fault tolerance afforded by a system. Challenges and opportunities with fault injection in. This technique is based on simulations or experiments result, thus it may be more valid or closer to reality compared to statistical methods.
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